Archive for August, 2011

According to a leading human rights expert, “[h]uman trafficking in Cambodia and Thailand is no longer limited to women and children…[p]oor farmers in Cambodia are convinced to leave home on the promise of better work in Thailand.  Many are finding themselves on long-haul trawlers in the South China Sea and forced to work against their will.”

According to a US report, the Thai government “reported 18 convictions in trafficking-related cases in 2010—an increase from eight known convictions during the previous year; as of May 2011, only five of the 18 convictions reported by the government could be confirmed to be for trafficking offenses.”

Taing Ky* and his cousin were recruited to make “good money” as gardeners in Thailand, but they found themselves forced to work on Thai fishing boats in the South China Sea.  Taing Ky is a native Cambodian and father of five.  After six months of torture, enslavement, and deplorable working conditions, he and his cousin managed to escape while their boat was offloading on Benjina island in northern Indonesia.

It’s estimated that thousands of Cambodian, Thai, and Burmese men are presently enslaved on long-haul trawlers, far beyond the reach of law enforcement officials.  “It’s slavery. There’s no other way to describe it,” Lim Tith, national project coordinator for the UN Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking (UNIAP), told IRIN

According to an IRIN report, “[t]hose lucky enough to escape report 20-hour work days, food deprivation, regular beatings and threats at the hands of the crew, many of whom are armed…So bad are conditions that those deemed expendable are tossed overboard.”  One survivor stated that “The captain had a gun. We had no choice but to work.”

Recently, Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, the UN Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, urged the Thai government to “do more to combat human trafficking effectively and protect the rights of migrant workers who are increasingly vulnerable to forced and exploitative labour.”  “Thailand faces significant challenges as a source, transit and destination country,” said the UN expert at the end of her 12-day mission to the country.  “The trend of trafficking for forced labour is growing in scale in the agricultural, construction and fishing industries,” she said.

When these crimes occur on fishing boats located outside Thai waters, there’s very little that Thai authorities can do to help the trafficked workers; and therefore, the Thai and Cambodian governments must take stronger action to effectively combat human trafficking.

Sources:

http://deepseanews.com/2011/08/sweeping-fishermens-human-rights-under-the-rug/

http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93606

http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=21850

http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2011/08/29/Slavery-in-Thailand-spreading/UPI-40171314630716/

http://www.mysinchew.com/node/62463

(Image: http://cambodiatodayz.com/migrants-tell-of-slavery-on-thai-fishing-boats.html)

 

 

 

 

 

To all of my fellow bloggers, I hope you’ll join me in LINKING UP with World Vision USA to raise awareness about the famine in Africa.  World Vision’s website states that:

Hunger is stalking 12.4 million people across the Horn of Africa. Starvation is a real threat for children in famine-declared areas of Somalia. As we work together & blog to tolerate #faminenomore, would you LINK UP to our post and blog about the ONE THING you typically spend $10 on that you could give up this week? Instead of spending money on that one thing, text in your $10 donation to “FAMINE” to “20222″ and join World Vision in fighting hunger in the Horn of Africa.

Together, my husband and I probably spend $10 on little “eating out purchases” throughout the week, such as a small coffee one or twice, maybe a Wendy’s frosty in the evening, and sometimes (gasp) a diet soda from the gas station!  This week we are committing to making coffee at home, abstaining from our ice cream/frosty cravings, and enjoying water from our tap instead purchasing a diet (and frankly very unhealthy) soda.  Will you join me in confessing where you spend $10, and also in donating $10 to World Vision to fight the famine?

http://blog.worldvision.org/conversations/what-would-you-give-up/

I recently discovered a wonderful non-profit organization, Three Avocados Coffee.  Three Avocados was founded in February of 2010 as a creative solution to ending the global water crisis, beginning with Uganda.  100% of their net proceeds provide clean water in Uganda, and the organization plans to expand to other countries in the future. Their coffee beans are 100% Arabica, and come from Mt. Elgon in Uganda.

Here is a short video by Three Avocados, celebrating the completion of their first clean water projects in Uganda.

In a new series on human trafficking and modern slavery, reporters speak to young survivors of forced and brutal military service inside Burma.

 

“Look Beneath The Surface” is an informational video on human trafficking, including how to identify it and how to assist victims.

The purpose of the CNN Freedom Project is to “join the fight to end modern-day slavery and shine a spotlight on the horrors of modern-day slavery, amplify the voices of the victims, highlight success stories and help unravel the complicated tangle of criminal enterprises trading in human life.”

Follow the link below to watch a video entitled, “The Who and Why of Modern Day Slavery.”

http://thecnnfreedomproject.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/17/more-about-the-cnn-freedom-project/

Porn Industry Facts

  • There are 4.2 million pornographic websites, 420 million pornographic web pages, and 68 million daily search engine requests.
  • Worldwide pornography revenue in 2006 was $97.06 billion, and approximately $13 billion of that was generated/earned the United States.
  • Child pornography is one of the fastest growing businesses online, and the content is becoming much more graphic.
  • In 2008, the Internet Watch Foundation found 1,536 individual child abuse domains.
  • More than 11 million teens regularly view porn online.
  • The largest group viewing online pornography is ages 12 to 17.

Source: http://thepinkcross.org/porn_stats_view

 Sex Trafficking Facts

  • Each year, between 100,000 to 300,000 youth are trafficked and sexually exploited for profit in the United States.
  • A 2009 University of Pennsylvania study estimated that nearly 300,000 youth in the United States were at risk of being sexually exploited for commercial uses, “most of them runaways or throw-aways.”
  • It’s estimated that each year, 300,000 American children are at risk for being trafficked into the sex industry.
  • In the U.S., girls as young as 5 and 6 years old have been and are currently being forced to do sexual acts by a pimp.

Sourceshttp://www.pornharms.com/trafficking/;

http://www.crisisaid.org/ICAPDF/Trafficking/traffickstats.pdf

 The Connection Between Pornography and Sex Trafficking

Laura Lederer, former Senior Advisor on Trafficking in Persons for the U.S. State Department, recently stated that: “Pornography is a brilliant social marketing campaign for commercial sexual exploitation…We will never have success in eradicating sex trafficking, unless and until we tackle the cultural messages of pornography and related materials that are encouraging this exploitation and abuse.”  Although not all pornographic materials are created by traffickers, “a key ingredient to commercial sex is the belief that people (women especially) are sexual commodities, and Internet pornography is the ideal vehicle to teach and train this belief.”

Many Porn Firms and Publications Are Produced Through Sex Trafficking

Insiders in the pornography industry admit that many films and publications are produced through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, actions which satisfy the very definition of “sex trafficking.”  The classic example is a woman or child who is promised a good paying job, but finds him or herself being sexually exploited for little or no money.  Many victims are held in debt bondage, where they owe a large sum of money to their trafficker and must work to pay off the debt.  All of the money earned through performing sex acts is taken by the victim’s “agent” or “trafficker” to pay off the “debt,” and what little money is left (if any) is given to the victim.  Victims are also physically, emotionally, and verbally abused in order to prevent them from escaping or seeking assistance from law enforcement.

Some Traffickers Film and Publish the Sexual Exploitation of Women and Children

Preliminary findings from an international case law database revealed that more than 25% of child sex traffickers took pictures or video recordings of the rape, sodomy, and sexual abuse of the children.  By photographing and/or recording the sexual exploitation, the trafficker can now profit (again) from selling the material to pornography production/distribution companies, or posting the material on the internet.

Trafficker’s Use Pornography to “Train” Young Children and Women

In a recent survey of 854 men and women in the sex industry (across nine different countries), half of those surveyed reported that pornography was used to train them how to perform various sex acts.  Another survey conducted in the U.K. revealed that 35% of trafficked women had been exposed to pornography during their trafficking.  In 2008 case before the Canadian Supreme Court, the Court stated that there is “clear and uncontradicted” evidence that child pornography is used for grooming and seducing victims.   Discussions with former federal and state prosecutors confirm that traffickers use pornography to groom victims for prostitution, commercial sexual exploitation, and other illegal sex acts.

Pornography “Normalizes” the Victimization of Women and Children

The proliferation of pornography (especially hard-core pornography) has created a culture of tolerance for sexual exploitation and abuse.  In an article entitled, “$28-Billion-Crime: New film shows the dark connection between sex addiction and sex trafficking,” Luke Gilkerson writes: “Media has the power to shape culture, and the choice before each and every consumer is what kind of media they will endorse, the values they want their culture to embrace. When media sanctions the belief that it is normal—even natural—for men to use and abuse women, that women are only worth the sexual pleasure they give to men, then it works like a poison in the culture. In pornography, this message comes through loud and clear. Therefore, by consuming pornography we allow that poison to infect us, spread further into our culture, and dampen the voice of justice.” 

Sourceshttp://www.covenanteyes.com/pureminds-articles/28-billion-crime-new-film-shows-the-dark-connection-between-sex-addiction-and-sex-trafficking/;

http://www.pornharms.com/trafficking/;

http://www.moralityinmedia.org/full_article.php?article_no=448;

http://www.thecypresstimes.com/article/News/National_News/PORNOGRAPHY_SEX_TRAFFICKING_THE_CONNECTION_IS_CLEAR/35705

 Summary

  • Traffickers use pornography as a “tool” to teach young children and women how to perform various sex acts.
  • Many times, the forced sexual acts between the prostituted woman/child and the John are filmed and later shared online or in videos.
  • Studies have proven that pornography viewers often desire to act out what they’ve seen in porn films.  If he or she does not have a sexual partner to engage in such acts, the individual will often look to the commercial sex industry to act out their desires; the increasing demand for commercial sex workers leads to increased sex trafficking to fill the demand.
  • Porn users become “numb” to “soft-core porn,” and will eventually seek harder and harder material.  This phenomenon has fueled the boom of “live” porn whereby trafficked women and children are forced to perform “on-demand” sex acts in front of web cameras as “Johns” or porn users watch.
  • Porn users do not and cannot distinguish between trafficked women, prostitutes, and porn stars.
  • Bottom-line: Pornography fuels the global sex trade by driving demand into the mainstream of society.

Source: http://www.pornharms.com/trafficking/

It’s estimated that 100 to 140 million women and girls worldwide have undergone some form of FGM, and at least 40% of Kurdish girls and women have experienced FGM.  Young girls frequently undergo a form of FGM called genital excision, where the clitoris is removed as a precursor to marriage. A UN Study explained that: “FGM is seen as a protection of virginity, a beautification process, and in a number of cultures is regarded as an essential precondition of marriage.”  Despite increasing international efforts to eradicate the practice, it’s estimated that three million girls each year are at risk of undergoing the procedure.

On June 21, 2011, the Kurdistan parliament passed the Family Violence Bill which criminalizes FGM, and also criminalizes forced and child marriages, verbal, physical, and psychological abuse of girls and women, child abuse, and child labor.   Although the bill has yet to be ratified by the president of the Kurdistan Regional Government, human rights leaders worldwide have called the bill a positive step toward eradicating FGM.

Nadya Khalife, Middle East women’s rights researcher at Human Rights Watch recently stated: “[b]y passing this law, the Kurdistan regional government has shown its resolve to end female genital mutilation and to protect the rights of women and girls…but the government needs a long-term strategy to deal with this harmful practice because criminalizing it is not enough….Once the ban is in effect, government agencies should widely disseminate information on the new law making sure it reaches women and girls at risk of FGM…Everyone should now know that the mutilation of girls is prohibited.”

The new law makes it easier for alleged victims to press charges, establishes special family courts for family violence cases, establishes a framework for police and courts to both issue and enforce restraining orders to protect abuse victims, and sets forth penalties for these crimes (including prison sentences).  Specifically, Article six contains four separate provisions regarding FGM, both criminalizing the practice and establishing punishments for anyone who “instigate[s], assist[s], or carr[ies] out the procedure (including medical professionals and midwives). Punishments for violating the new law include prison terms ranging from six months to three years, as well as fines of up to 10 million dinars ($8,500).

In June 2010, Human Rights Watch issued a report, “They Took Me and Told Me Nothing: Female Genital Mutilation in Iraqi Kurdistan,” “which urged the Kurdistan Regional Government and the Kurdistan parliament to take a series of steps to end the practice, including enacting laws banning it.”

The Report stated that while legislation is a key component to eradicating FGM, the government must also implement necessary victims’ services, such as health care, and social and psychological support.  HRW also urged the regional government to partner with community midwives (who most often perform the procedure) to institute public awareness campaigns condemning the practice. Finally, the Report called upon the regional government to “develop a comprehensive legal and policy framework with relevant ministries and civil society organizations aimed at eradicating the practice.”

Shortly after the Report was released, The High Committee for Issuing Fatwas at the Kurdistan Islamic Scholars Union (the highest Muslim religious authority in Iraqi Kurdistan on religious pronouncements and rulings) issued a fatwa which stated that FGM predates Islam and is not required by the Islamic religion.  Although the fatwa did not expressly ban or condemn the practice, it did acknowledge the negative health consequences of FGM, and encouraged parents to avoid having the procedure performed on their daughters.

Not long after the HRW Report was published, a Kurdistan Health Ministry survey (of 5,000 women and girls) found that 41% had undergone the procedure, and further that FGM is more prevalent in some regions outside of Kurdistan.

HRW appropriately stated: “[f]emale genital mutilation violates the rights of women to life, health and bodily integrity, non-discrimination and the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. In addition, since the practice predominantly affects girls under 18, it also violates children’s rights to health, life, physical integrity, and non-discrimination.”

 

Sources:

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/07/25/iraqi-kurdistan-law-banning-fgm-positive-step

http://www.crin.org/violence/search/closeup.asp?infoid=24431

http://www.stopfgmkurdistan.org/study_fgm_iraqi_kurdistan_en.pdf

http://oneworldgroup.org/2011/08/17/cost-of-living/

A little more than one year ago, President Obama released the National HIV/AIDS Strategy (“Report”) which set forth the following three primary goals:

  • Reduce the number of people who become infected with HIV;
  • Increase access to care and improving health outcomes for people living with HIV; and
  • Reduce HIV-related health disparities.

The Report also defined a vision for our National HIV/AIDS Strategy: “The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination.”

Yesterday (August 14th), national leaders gathered to kick-off the 2011 National HIV Prevention Conference in Atlanta, Georgia.  The Conference is organized by the CDC, supported by more than 40 other public and private agencies, and is the only major U.S. conference dedicated exclusively to HIV prevention.  The theme of this year’s conference is: “The Urgency of Now: Reduce incidence. Improve access. Promote equity,” and it was chosen to “reinforce and reflect the urgent need to quickly and efficiently scale-up proven interventions and improve the coordination of our nation’s response at the national, state, and local levels in order to achieve the maximum impact on HIV incidence, the health of people living with HIV, and HIV-related health disparities.”

According to the Report, the first cases of HIV were identified around third years ago.  Since that time, “over 575,000 Americans have lost their lives to AIDS and more than 56,000 people in the United States become infected with HIV each year.  Currently, there are more   than 1.1 million Americans living with HIV.  Moreover, almost half of all Americans know someone living with HIV… Researchers have produced a wealth of information about the disease, including a number of critical tools and interventions to diagnose, prevent, and treat HIV.  Successful prevention efforts have averted more than 350,000 new infections in the United States.”   (***Please follow this link for a breakdown of U.S. HIV statistics: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/basic.htm#hivest)

In a blog posted this morning, Ronald Valdiserri, M.D., M.P.H., Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health, Infectious Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, stated that more than 3,000 public health, medical, and AIDS community leaders had gathered at the conference to “share the latest research and discuss innovative strategies to drive down the number of new HIV infections in the United States.”

Interestingly, just a few days before the conference began, the U.S. Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) announced that it would be expanding the HVTN 505 study (HVTN = HIV Vaccine Trials Network) which has been underway since June 2009.   The HVTN is funded by the National Institutes of Health, and is an “exploratory HIV vaccine clinical study examining whether a two-part vaccine regimen can decrease viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood) in study participants who later become infected with HIV.”  The viral load is an “important health indicator in people who are infected with HIV” because typically those with decreased viral load remain healthier longer, and may be less likely to transmit the virus to others.  (Source: http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/decapua-aids-vaccine-update-127516558.html).

The expansion of the HVTN study will allow for a greater number of participants, and will broaden the question sought to be answered through the trial.  Originally, the study sought to determine whether the vaccine regimen could lower the amount of HIV in the blood after an individual was infected; now, the study will also examine whether the vaccine can actually prevent infection.  (Source: http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/decapua-aids-vaccine-update-127516558.html).